The Hydrogen Compressor is an essential technology for the production of hydrogen from natural gas, petroleum, or coal. It is also necessary for producing hydrogen for fuel cells used in automotive applications and stationary power generators. The main challenges associated with large-scale production of hydrogen are the maximum discharge temperature constraint, lubricant contamination, and hydrogen embrittlement.

A hydrogen compressor produces gas by increasing the pressure of the feedstock. It requires a lot of energy to perform, so it is vital to make the most of its efficiency. This is possible through isothermal compression.

Hydrogen Compressor: Innovations Driving the Future of Energy

Isothermal compression reduces energy consumption by avoiding the adiabatic expansion process, which has a high energy demand. It also increases the specific energy density of hydrogen to an acceptable level, allowing it to compete with conventional fossil fuels.

A variety of mechanical and non-mechanical hydrogen compression technologies exist. This chapter presents an overview of the state of the art for reciprocating, diaphragm, linear and ionic liquid compressors as well as innovative non-mechanical technologies that are specifically conceived for hydrogen compression such as cryogenic, metal hydride, and electrochemical (EC) compressors. The operating principles of these compressors, their potential performance levels, and corresponding benefits are discussed in detail.

Linde’s ionic liquid compressor is designed specially for increased hydrogen compression efficiency, avoiding risks of hydrogen contamination and reducing the required energy consumption by using an ionic liquid as a coolant and lubricant. Ionic liquids have a wide range of advantages including good chemical and thermal stability, low volatility, and excellent lubricating performances.